지문 1 (13문장)
Two girls excitedly pose to take pictures in front of a statue of a woman.
She is not a famous actress or a pop star.
Her name is Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
She is an American icon who inspired the world by devoting her life to justice and gender equality.
Ginsburg was born in Brooklyn in 1933.
During her academic career, Ginsburg was an excellent student, despite having to overcome many barriers.
She always received good grades as a child, and she continued to excel in university.
In 1954, Ginsburg graduated from Cornell University at the top of her class, and she was later accepted into Harvard Law School.
While attending Harvard, however, Ginsburg faced discrimination.
There were only nine women out of 500 students in the program, and many people thought the school should have given the women's spots to men.
They were even restricted from using some sections of the library.
Ginsburg transferred to Columbia Law School for her final year, and she graduated at the top of her class in 1959.
5justice and gender equality
정의와 성 평등에 그녀의 삶을 바침으로써
7M
During her academic career
그녀의 학업 기간 동안
V-ING
having to overcome many barriers
많은 장벽을 극복해야 했음에도 불구하고
91954년에 긴즈버그는 코넬 대학교를 수석으로 졸업했고
그리고 그녀는 나중에 하버드 로스쿨에 입학했다.
10PART
While attending Harvard
접속/구문
하버드에 다니는 동안
11그 프로그램에는 500명의 학생 중 여성이 9명뿐이었고
학교가 여성들의 자리를 남성들에게 주었어야 했다고
12V-ING
using some sections of the library
도서관의 일부 구역을 사용하는 것으로부터
13긴즈버그는 마지막 학년을 위해 컬럼비아 로스쿨로 편입했고
그리고 그녀는 1959년에 수석으로 졸업했다.
지문 2 (11문장)
Even with her impressive academic record, Ginsburg still had a hard time finding a job as a lawyer.
She was not only a woman but also Jewish and a mother.
The first position she found was as a law clerk for a U.S. district judge.
After two years in this position, she finally started to get offers from law firms.
However, these offers always came with a salary lower than those of the firm's male lawyers, so she didn't accept any of them.
Instead, she decided to study other areas of law and eventually became a law professor.
She taught at Columbia University, and, in 1972, she became the first woman to be offered a permanent professorship there.
While at Columbia, Ginsburg also worked hard as general counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and argued many gender discrimination cases in the U.S. Supreme Court.
In 1980, Ginsburg left Columbia University to become a judge.
Thirteen years later, she was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court and became only the second woman to hold the position.
During her time as a judge, Ginsburg never stopped fighting for women's rights and gender equality.
14M
Even with her impressive academic record
그녀의 인상적인 학업 기록에도 불구하고
긴즈버그는 변호사로서 직업을 찾는 데 여전히 어려움을 겪었다.
15그녀는 여성일 뿐만 아니라 유대인이자 어머니였다.
17M
After two years in this position
이 직책에서 2년 후
그녀는 마침내 법률 회사로부터 제안을 받기 시작했다.
18그러나 이 제안들은 항상 회사의 남성 변호사들의 그것보다 낮은 급여와 함께 왔고
그래서 그녀는 그 중 어느 것도 받아들이지 않았다.
19O
to study other areas of law
부정사
대신, 그녀는 다른 법 분야를 공부하기로 결정했고
20그리고 1972년에 그녀는 첫 번째 여성이 되었다
TO-V
to be offered a permanent professorship there
그곳에서 종신 교수직을 제안받은
21the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
긴즈버그는 또한 미국시민자유연맹(ACLU)의 법률 고문으로서 열심히 일했고
O
many gender discrimination cases
미국 대법원에서 많은 성차별 사건을 변론했다.
221980년에 긴즈버그는 컬럼비아 대학교를 떠났다
24M
During her time as a judge
판사로 재직하는 동안
women's rights and gender equality
긴즈버그는 여성의 권리와 성 평등을 위해 싸우는 것을 결코 멈추지 않았다.
지문 3 (11문장)
Here are three examples of legislation that Ginsburg helped to pass.
Men are entitled to the same caregiving and Social Security rights as women.
Ginsburg always argued that gender equality policies should benefit both men and women.
In 1972, Ginsburg represented Charles Moritz, who was a journalist in his early sixties.
Moritz needed help taking care of his sick mother.
However, he could not receive tax benefits for hiring a caregiver, because they were only available to women, divorced men, and men whose wives were disabled or had passed away.
As an unmarried man, Moritz did not qualify to have his taxes reduced.
Nevertheless, after this case, the federal law was changed to allow people of any gender to have their taxes reduced so that they can hire caregivers.
Women have the right to financial independence and equal benefits.
In 1974, Ginsburg's work also helped pass the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which prevents banks from discriminating against people based on their age, race, gender, national origin, or marriage status.
Prior to this act, married women needed their husband to sign for a loan, even if they had a job and a higher income.
25여기 긴즈버그가 통과시키는 데 도움을 준 법안의 세 가지 예가 있다.
26the same caregiving and Social Security rights
남성은 여성과 동일한 돌봄 및 사회 보장 권리를 가질 자격이 있다.
27S'
gender equality policies
성 평등 정책이 남성과 여성 모두에게 혜택을 주어야 한다고
281972년에 긴즈버그는 찰스 모리츠를 변호했는데
29V-ING
taking care of his sick mother
모리츠는 아픈 어머니를 돌보는 데 도움이 필요했다.
30그러나 그는 간병인을 고용하는 것에 대한 세금 혜택을 받을 수 없었다
women, divorced men, and men
왜냐하면 그것들은 여성, 이혼한 남성, 그리고 남성들에게만 가능했기 때문이다
31TO-V
to have his taxes reduced
세금을 감면받을
32그럼에도 불구하고, 이 사건 이후, 연방법은 변경되었다
TO-V
to allow people of any gender to have their taxes reduced
어떤 성별의 사람이든 세금을 감면받을 수 있도록 허용하기 위해
33financial independence and equal benefits
여성은 재정적 독립과 동등한 혜택에 대한 권리를 가진다.
34O
the Equal Credit Opportunity Act
1974년에 긴즈버그의 업적은 또한 평등신용기회법을 통과시키는 데 도움을 주었는데
V-ING
discriminating against
their age, race, gender, national origin, or marriage status
이는 은행이 나이, 인종, 성별, 국적 또는 결혼 여부에 따라 사람들을 차별하는 것을 막는다.
35이 법 이전에, 기혼 여성은 대출을 받기 위해 남편의 서명이 필요했다
O'
a job and a higher income
비록 그들이 직업과 더 높은 소득을 가지고 있었더라도
지문 4 (8문장)
State-funded schools must admit women.
In 1996, Ginsburg was also responsible for the Supreme Court's historic decision in United States v. Virginia.
The decision stated that Virginia Military Institute's male-only admissions policy went against the principle of equal protection.
Ginsburg argued that women should be allowed to join the same program as men.
This decision helped ensure that women have equal rights to education at public institutions in the United States.
Throughout her life, Ruth Bader Ginsburg fought for the things she cared about and inspired others to follow in her footsteps.
Even though she passed away on September 18, 2020, she will always be remembered as a champion of equality and a tireless defender of justice.
Fight for the things that you care about, but do it in a way that will lead others to join you.
37the Supreme Court's historic decision
United States v. Virginia
1996년에 긴즈버그는 또한 미국 대 버지니아 사건에서 대법원의 역사적인 결정에 책임이 있었다.
38S'
Virginia Military Institute's male-only admissions policy
O'
the principle of equal protection
버지니아 군사 학교의 남성 전용 입학 정책이 평등 보호 원칙에 위배된다고
39O'
to join the same program
여성들이 남성들과 같은 프로그램에 참여할 수 있도록 허용되어야 한다고
40여성들이 미국의 공공 기관에서 교육에 대한 동등한 권리를 갖도록
41평생 동안, 루스 베이더 긴즈버그는 그녀가 아끼는 것들을 위해 싸웠고
OC'
to follow in her footsteps
부정사
다른 사람들이 그녀의 발자취를 따르도록 영감을 주었다.
42비록 그녀가 2020년 9월 18일에 세상을 떠났지만
a champion of equality and a tireless defender of justice
그녀는 평등의 옹호자이자 지칠 줄 모르는 정의의 수호자로 항상 기억될 것이다.
지문 5 (11문장)
Marco is a high school student who loves acting.
Unluckily, he was rejected the last two times he auditioned for a local community play.
That made him think that he didn't have enough talent to act.
These thoughts made him feel disappointed and discouraged.
Therefore, he started to behave like he had lost all hope, and he stopped auditioning altogether.
That led him to tell himself that he was a bad actor.
This cycle of thoughts, feelings, and behavior is known as the cognitive triangle.
If one point of the triangle is negative, it can affect the other points.
However, the reverse is also true.
If you change one point in a positive way, it can change the others as well.
It can be used as a tool for resetting our attitude toward life, resulting in positive changes.
45그가 지역 사회 연극에 오디션을 본 마지막 두 번
47SC''
disappointed and discouraged
이러한 생각들은 그가 실망하고 낙담하게 만들었다.
48따라서, 그는 마치 모든 희망을 잃은 것처럼 행동하기 시작했고
50S
This cycle of thoughts, feelings, and behavior
이러한 생각, 감정, 행동의 순환은 인지 삼각형으로 알려져 있다.
51S'
one point of the triangle
만약 삼각형의 한 지점이 부정적이라면
53만약 당신이 한 지점을 긍정적인 방식으로 바꾼다면
54V-ING
resetting our attitude
삶에 대한 우리의 태도를 재설정하기 위한
PART
resulting in positive changes
접속/구문
긍정적인 변화를 초래하면서
